Build confidence with equivalent fractions, addition, subtraction and fractions of a quantity. Use a pencil and paper, then check each step against the worked answers.
Use a common denominator before adding or subtracting fractions.
Simplify by dividing the numerator and denominator by the same factor.
To find a fraction of a quantity, divide by the denominator, then multiply by the numerator.
Introduction to algebra
A letter can stand for a number. Practise turning everyday situations into expressions, collecting like terms and solving simple equations, one step at a time.
Only collect like terms: 2x + 3x = 5x, but 2x + 3 cannot be combined.
When substituting, replace the letter with its value before calculating.
Keep an equation balanced by doing the same operation to both sides.
Test your understanding
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Answers and explanations
1. Which fraction is equivalent to 3/4?
Answer: 6/8.
Multiply both the numerator and denominator by 2: 3/4 = 6/8. The value stays the same.
2. What is 1/3 + 1/6 in its simplest form?
Answer: 1/2.
Use denominator 6. 1/3 = 2/6, so 2/6 + 1/6 = 3/6 = 1/2.
3. A learner reads 3/5 of a 40-page booklet. How many pages have they read?
Answer: 24.
One fifth of 40 is 8. Three fifths is 3 × 8 = 24 pages.
4. What is 5/6 − 1/4 in its simplest form?
Answer: 7/12.
Use denominator 12: 5/6 = 10/12 and 1/4 = 3/12. Subtract to get 7/12.
5. Which fraction is the largest?
Answer: 3/4.
With denominator 24 the fractions are 16/24, 18/24, 15/24 and 12/24. Therefore 3/4 is largest.
6. Simplify 3x + 2x.
Answer: 5x.
Both terms contain x. Add their coefficients: (3 + 2)x = 5x.
7. Find 2a + 3 when a = 4.
Answer: 11.
Substitute a = 4: 2 × 4 + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11. Multiply before adding.
8. Solve x + 7 = 15.
Answer: 8.
Subtract 7 from both sides: x = 15 − 7 = 8. Check: 8 + 7 = 15.
9. One exercise book costs b shillings. Which expression gives the cost of four books?
Answer: 4b.
Four books cost b + b + b + b = 4b shillings. Multiplication represents four equal costs.
10. Solve 3y = 18.
Answer: 6.
Divide both sides by 3: y = 18 ÷ 3 = 6. Check: 3 × 6 = 18.
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